诱导公式:sinx=sin(x+2kπ);cosx=cos(x+2kπ);tanx=tan(x+2kπ)

诱导公式

(1)

sinx=sin(x+2kπ)

cosx=cos(x+2kπ)

tanx=tan(x+2kπ)

k∈Z

原理:终边相同的角同一三角函数值相同(或可用三角函数图像的周期性验证)

(2)

sin(-x)=-sinx

cos(-x)=cosx

tan(-x)=-tanx

(3)

sin(π+x)=-sinx

cos(π+x)=-cosx

tan(π+x)=tanx

(4)

sin(π-x)=sinx

cos(π-x)=-cosx

tan(π-x)=-tanx

原理:三角函数值中,正弦一二象限为正,余弦一四象限为正,正切一三象限为正(终边)

(5)

sin(π/2+x)=cosx

cos(π/2+x)=-sinx

tan(π/2+x)=-cotx

(6)

sin(π/2-x)=cosx

cos(π/2-x)=sinx

tan(π/2-x)=cotx

(7)展开公式

sin(3π/2+x)=sin(π+π/2+x)=-sin(π/2+x)=-cosx

cos(3π/2+x)=cos(π+π/2+x)=-cos(π/2+x)=sinx

tan(3π/2+x)=-cotx

sin(3π/2-x)=sin(π+π/2-x)=-sin(π/2-x)=-cosx

cos(3π/2-x)=cos(π+π/2-x)=-cos(π/2-x)=-sinx

tan(3π/2-x)=cotx

两角公式

(1)两角和差公式

sin(x+y)=sinxcosy+sinycosx

sin(x-y)=sinxcosy-sinycosx

cos(x+y)=cosxcosy-sinxsiny

cos(x-y)=cosxcosy+sinxsiny

tan(x+y)=sin(x+y)/cos(x+y)=sinxcosy+sinycosx/cosxcosy-sinxsiny=tanx+tany/1-tanxtany

tan(x-y)=sin(x-y)/cos(x-y)=sinxcosy-sinycosx/cosxcosy+sinxsiny=tanx-tany/1+tanxtany

证明:单位圆作图

(2)二倍角公式

sin2x=2sinxcosx

推导:sin2x=sin(x+x)=sinxcosx+cosxsinx=2sinxcosx

cos2x=(cosx)2-(sinx)2=2cos2x-1=1-2sin2x(sin2x+cos2x=1)

推导:cos2x=cos(x+x)=cosxcosx-sinxsinx=cos2x-sin2x

tan2x=sin2x/cos2x=2sinxcosx/cos2x-sin2x=2tanx/1-tan2x

三倍角公式

sin3x=sin(2x+x)=sin2xcosx+cos2xsinx=2sinx(1-sin2x)+(1-2sin2x)sinx=3sinx-4sin3x

cos3x=cos(2x+x)=cos2xcosx-sinxsin2x=(2cos2x-1)cosx-2cosx(1-cos2x)=4cos3x-3cosx

tan3x=sin3x/cos3x=tanxtan(π/3+x)tan(π/3-x)

(3)半角公式

sin2(x/2)=(1-cosx)/2

cos2(x/2)=(1+cosx)/2

tan2(x/2)=1-cosx/1+cosx

推导:cosx=2cos2(x/2)-1=1-2sin2(x/2)